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Anti-Racism Strategy 2023 to 2028
Brighton & Hove City Council
Foreword
At Brighton & Hove City Council it is not enough to be ‘not racist’. We must be anti-racist. This is evidenced through systemic change which means looking at our policies, practice, procedures, and services and challenging ourselves with the questions, ‘are these actively anti-racist? Are we actively creating equitable voice, outcomes, and value for Black & Racially Minoritised people in the city? If not, why not and what needs to change?'
We made a pledge in 2020; worked on ourselves and our relationships with Black & Racially Minoritised residents, set this in writing. We want communities to feel able to hold us to account and, importantly, ensure that we hold ourselves to account. It is not for the communities to do the work. We must better understand the varied lived experiences and systemic barriers faced by Black & Racially Minoritised people who live, work, and visit the city.
We recognise that our initial anti-racism pledge was motivated by the severity of anti-Black racism. We commit to focusing on this when actioning anti-racism work.
We stand by the belief that “one either allows racial inequities to persevere, as a racist, or confronts racial inequities, as an anti-racist. There is no in-between safe space of 'not racist.’ The claim of ‘not racist’ neutrality is a mask for racism.” (From the book ‘How To Be An Antiracist’, Ibram Kendi, 2019)
The council, councillors and staff know that achieving the vision and the aims of this foundational strategy will take some time. A strategic approach is important to clearly state where we want to get to and how we plan to get there. This is an ongoing journey, and the strategy sets out a framework for the first five years. We will review constantly and make it part of the operating principles of the council for the future. Residents rightly want to see action and change. So do we. However, disconnected individual action, no matter how good, does not create long-term change. We need a considered plan to achieve fundamental change ensuring we truly understand anti-racism, and anti-racist principles are embedded in how we work, think, and deliver. We hope this strategy sets us on the right path.
our renewed commitment to becoming an anti-racist council first pledged in 2020
our long-term vision and aims
our strategic themes and priority actions to achieve change
how we will monitor and report on our progress and be held accountable
our gratitude to everyone who has and is helping the council with its work to become an anti-racist organisation and has informed the thinking on this strategy
It is supported by a set of appendices which:
provide actions detailing how we intended to work towards our vision and aims
explain the terminology and definitions we are using and the importance of intersectionality
outline how this strategy fits with the council’s existing Fair and Inclusive Action Plan and our council values
show the work we are currently doing to become an anti-racist organisation
feature key data that has informed the strategy and priority actions
make clear how the strategy can be accessed in different formats and who to contact for more information about the strategy
Our vision is to be an anti-racist council that fully grasps and understands the severity of racism in all its forms and manifestations. Actively using its power and influence to eliminate racism within the council and the city.
We are a city in which Black & Racially Minoritised people have equity of access, opportunity, and representation of voice.
We do the necessary work year on year to become anti-racist, acknowledging that the work and the change is our responsibility.
Our systems, policies, and practices reduce inequity for Black and Racially Minoritised people and we truly understand the diverse and intersecting lived experiences of Black & Racially Minoritised people who live, work, and visit the city.
We are a council with anti-racist principles embedded in how we think and act as a service provider and employer. The city and the council are a beacon of change to residents, organisations, and local authorities nationwide.
Our aims are to:
purposefully consider anti-racism in our thinking, actions and decision making throughout the organisation.
collaborate with and platform from Black & Racially Minoritised people and organisations led by Black & Racially Minoritised people, as standard practice in the council.
empathetically and consistently learn and better understand the experiences of Black & Racially Minoritised people, recognising the experiences and impact unique to different communities.
actively use people’s feedback, and data to improve how we serve and support Black & Racially Minoritised people.
more efficiently and effectively meet the requirements of Black & Racially Minoritised people who live, work, and visit the city through changing our systems and practices.
remove council policy that perpetuates racism and introduce policy that is directly and overtly anti-racist.
create a portfolio of anti-racism work undertaken by staff and councillors across the council; highlighting key service areas where change is prioritised.
Take responsibility for challenging ourselves as an organisation, making change where we can and challenging others where we can influence, using our role as a civic leader.
Support and influence the city, it’s communities and businesses to become anti-racist
This is a 5 year strategy. It provides the base for the council’s work on becoming anti-racist and supporting equity for Black & Racially Minoritised people. From this groundwork, we will develop focussed actions over the 5-year period that build on our work to date. We recognise that becoming an anti-racist council requires sustained work. Our intention is that progress against this strategy will influence our anti-racism work beyond 2028.
We are deeply committed to fulfilling our civic and public sector equality duties. Along with this strategy we are creating an Accessible City Strategy, seeking re-accreditation as a City of Sanctuary, and will be developing future equality strategies.
We seek to influence change, by joint work with other public organisations such as the Police, NHS, with businesses and community and voluntary sector organisations and with organisations that we funded to delivery services on our behalf. Through this, we aim to convey and connect community voice, to promote the adoption of best practice and to encourage proactive, inclusive solutions.
Through the process of developing the council’s Anti-Racism Strategy 3 key strategic themes for change within the council have been identified and prioritised.
These are:
engagement: communicating and collaborating
data: collecting and using
policy and practice: reviewing and changing
Core priority actions have been identified under each theme for the whole council, and for individual directorates to support the creation of an anti-racist, accessible, inclusive council, and city.
Our intent is for the strategic themes and core priority actions to focus work on embedding anti-racism into business-as-usual practice, mindsets, and service delivery.
We are prioritising critical action that identifies and works towards tackling root cause issues. We intend to create more impactful, intersectional and meaningful changes to the experiences of Black & Racially Minoritised residents and communities.
The themes have been mapped with the existing equality, diversity, and inclusion priorities of the council, for example, the council’s Fair and Inclusive Action Plan and each directorate's own equality action plan. This is to avoid confusion, duplication, and increased reporting pressure on services.
Strategic theme 1: Engagement: communicating and collaborating
Through our priority actions we want to create a council that:
engages sensitively, flexibly, and innovatively with Black & Racially Minoritised residents and Black & Racially Minoritised led organisations; creating quality and sustainable dialogue between council services and communities with two-way feedback. That recognises the burden and impact of asking for peoples’ lived experience and actively avoids engagement fatigue and harm
improves and builds communities and residents trust in the council by centring communities of identity in our equalities work. We do this by taking a nuanced anti-racist approach that considers intersectional barriers, impacts, and requirements
Strategic theme 3: Policy and practice: reviewing and changing
Through our priority actions we want to create a council that:
intentionally and consistently conducts robust equality impact assessments, holding ourselves to account and proactively applies and embeds innovative best practice into the way we think, work, and deliver
identifies, recognises, and resolves barriers to equity, accessibility, inclusivity using anti-racist approaches, creating sustainable long-term change by improving inclusive leadership, self-education, and council culture
Our core priority actions for the duration of this strategy are to:
increase and improve the communication and engagement with Black & Racially Minoritised residents, service users, customers and tenants aligned to a new engagement strategy being developed for the whole council. Our engagement should be nuanced, intersectional and used proactively to change council policy and practice
improve the collection, analysis, and use of qualitative, quantitative, and intersectional data regarding Black & Racially Minoritised residents (be they service users, customers, tenants) to better understand their access to and experience of services, using this proactively to inform service improvement
identify, review and co-produce key policies, plans, strategies, and work, embedding anti-racism principles to improve their impact on outcomes for Black & Racially Minoritised people, with intersectional insights. Done alongside our own intersectional anti-racism council learning and development
Performance against the strategy will have community accountability via the anti-racism Community Advisory Group and ongoing community engagement with Black & Racially Minoritised stakeholders.
Key highlights of performance, progress and barriers will also be reported to the council’s Tourism, Economy, Equalities and Communities Committee and the City’s Equality & Inclusion Partnership.
Our progress will be monitored through our internal performance management framework. This includes the Corporate Equality Delivery Group chaired by the Chief Executive that oversees all the council’s equality, diversity, and inclusion work.
Detailed action plans with measures of success will support our implementation over the five years of the strategy. Quarterly performance monitoring is undertaken by our Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion Officers on each of our five directorates, acting as critical friends in addition to community accountability. This will be supported by the provision of case study and lived experience-informed learning.
Additionally, each Directorate has an Equality Delivery Group to lead and deliver its equality work, ensuring the Directorate continues to embed equity, accessibility, anti-racism, and intersectional thinking in how we act and deliver as a service provider and employer.
Actions will also be monitored for leadership through individual staffs’ performance reviews with their manager.
More information is available in the Appendices to this strategy.
The strategy, and the supporting documents, have been created through sincere dialogue with the Anti-Racism Community Advisory Group (CAG), the council’s ‘BME’ Workers Forum and engagement with Black & Racially Minoritised-led community and voluntary sector organisations and businesses.
Thank you to everyone that gave their time, energy, and resilience to talking with us for the development of this strategy.
We offer our gratitude to:
all staff, focus group participants, local advocates and community members who have contributed their thoughts, time, and shared their lived experiences with us
Appendix 1: Background to the development of this strategy
The need to address residents’ lived experiences of racism in Brighton & Hove is well evidenced. Long before the murder of George Floyd, local and national Black Lives Matter (BLM) marches and the COVID pandemic, the Brighton & Hove Black & Minority Ethnic Communities Needs Assessment of 2015 evidenced the need to take proactive action to address interpersonal, institutional, and structural racism in our city.
Two independent reviews (in 2013 and 2018) of the council by consultancy Global HPO highlighted essential work to be done within the council to make the environment fairer and more inclusive for Black & Racially Minoritised staff.
The International Migrants in Brighton & Hove needs assessment 2018 provided an overview of the needs of international migrants in the city and recommendations for commissioners, service providers and decision makers to use to improve the lives and outcomes of migratised communities in the city.
Community engagement in recent years has reinforced the need for robust action. The lived experiences of Black & Racially Minoritised residents in our city echo the data that we have collected about disproportionally poorer outcomes for Black & Racially Minoritised residents.
We recognise the powerful work of local community organisations that have been pioneering anti-racism in the city for many years. Over 10,000 marched in Brighton & Hove for Black Lives Matter, with over 1500 people signing a petition to demand Brighton & Hove to be an anti-racist city. We are proud to work alongside and collaborate with local organisations in our aim of becoming an anti-racist council.
Anti-racism work had already begun to address the difference in outcomes and experiences for Black & Racially Minoritised residents. We acknowledge that our anti-racism work has not been enough to positively impact the lived experiences of staff and residents in the city. The events of 2020 accelerated and prioritised anti-racism work in the council, the city, the country and across the globe.
The murder of George Floyd in May 2020 by Minneapolis police was a tipping point in conversations and the recognition, experiences, and impact of race and racism around the world, and put the Black Lives Matter movement (#BLM) into the global spotlight.
Created by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi in 2014, it originated as a movement against police brutality and Racially motivated violence against Black people. The movement focused on the specific impact of Anti-Black racism and violence. It is now a global movement.
We acknowledge that our pledge to be an anti-racist city followed a severe example of anti-Black racism. We are committed to learning more about the severity of outcomes for the Black diaspora across all protected characteristics. We are taking an evidence, data and community engagement led approach to the areas we are addressing. Where these sources point to disproportionate negative experiences for Black people, we will be addressing those as a priority.
The transformative effect the events of June 2020 had on organisations and individuals showed that instilling anti-racist best practice was not only necessary, but obligatory. It was a catalyst for the development of anti-racist policy that addresses racism in all its forms, including but not limited to:
anti-Black racism
interpersonal racism
structural racism
institutional racism
Islamophobia
Afrophobia
Xenophobia
anti-Semitism
Black Lives Matter coincides with:
MeToo
LGBTQIA+ Rights
Trans Rights
Disability & Accessibility Rights
Migrants Rights movements
Together they highlight the multi-layered discrimination experienced by Black & Racially Minoritised residents and people.
Intersectionality is a key part of anti-racism action because Black & Racially Minoritised people experience discrimination based on their ethnicity and their gender, disability, faith and/or sexuality. As a council, we recognise the impact of intersectionality, and importantly, how intersectional racism manifests, and what actions the council can take strategically. We realise we need to better understand and identify inequity and impact of our policy and practice in the context of intersectional identities for Black & Racially Minoritised people who live, work and visit the city. Valuing intersectionality in the context of various identities, for example, linking our disability and accessibility work with anti-racism, is intentional. This will help us develop an improved understanding of the complex diversity and inequity of lived experiences and different impacts for all racial groups, to help create equity.
We are clear that we have a duty to serve all residents in the city and ensure all residents have equality of opportunity, equal voice, and access to services. As a council, we are just as clear that this does not mean treating everyone the same. Led by qualitative and quantitative evidence we can, do and will continue to prioritise our resources, actions, and efforts to ‘level up’ outcomes for different groups in the city.
All lives cannot matter until Black & Racially Minoritised lives matter equally. This is a reality we recognise given various data sources and community feedback. Under the Public Sector Equality Duty, Section 149 of the Equality Act 2010, councils (and other public services) are required to show due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, harassment, victimisation and any other conduct that is prohibited by or under this Act; to advance equality of opportunity between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it and foster good relations between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it. Ethnicity is one of the nine protected characteristics identified by the Act.
Appendix 2: Anti-racism work we have done or started already
We have been working for some years to change ourselves as an employer, a service provider and civic leader with the purpose of reducing racism, supporting people who experience racism, and alleviating the harmful impact on individuals, organisations, and communities.
Our work includes:
partnership between Housing Services and Voices in Exile to co-design a support pathway for asylum seekers given the right to remain
a third year of ring-fenced funding that provides grants to ‘'BME'’ community and voluntary groups
funding and working in partnership with three community organisations - the Racial Harassment Forum, Possability People, and the Rainbow Hub to launch Third Party Reporting Centres. The centres ensure that Black & Racially Minoritised residents who may identify intersectionally have access to reporting racism and hate crimes through a third-party community organisation without police or council involvement
production of a Hate Crime and Hate Incidents Action Plan
the city’s largest library in the centre of Brighton – Jubilee library – securing status as a Library of Sanctuary. This means it has been proven to be a welcoming, inclusive and a representative space
core to the Libraries Service is engaging with diverse communities and supporting Black & Racially Minoritised community groups to deliver cultural events, activities, exhibitions and workshops, for example in 2022 the Libraries Service worked with Changing our Narrative – Stories to Reflect – to encourage children to read books from a diverse range of authors, they have worked with
a Business & Intellectual Property Centre (BIPC) is run from Jubilee Library. The BIPC supports entrepreneurs at every stage of their business journey. The service is not exclusively for Black & Racially Minoritised entrepreneurs however it does set itself targets for engaging with Black & Racially Minoritised residents. In 2021/2022 target was 11% and the service achieved 16%. The target was increased to 14% in 2022 to 2023 and it’s expected to be met and then some
much of the council’s anti-racism work has been pioneered by its Families, Children and Learning Directorate. The directorate’s senior leadership team made an anti-racism commitment specific to their roles and responsibilities. This recognised that the directorate had not done enough to address issues of race and racism in its services when they have been raised in the past and commitment to personal responsibility to use their voice
appointment of an Anti-Racist Education Adviser in our Families, Children and Learning directorate, who provides consultation and expertise on instilling anti-racist best practice in education
a comprehensive Anti-Racism Education Strategy has been developed to address the need for anti-racist practice in education in Brighton & Hove
an Anti-Racist Project Board for children’s social work was set up at the end of 2019. The board continues to meet monthly and is chaired by a Black social worker and includes representatives of the council’s Black managers, foster carers and practitioners, as well as the 'BME' Workers Forum, alongside senior managers. The project board has three key work streams: staff support, how we work with families and the voices of children families and carers
an Anti-Racist Lead Practitioner was also appointed on a permanent basis in 2020. This role focuses on supporting social workers to address race and racism with families
one of the main projects that the council’s corporate policy team is involved in is overseeing the increase of participation in local council from Black & Racially Minoritised communities. Funding has been set aside for a civic leadership programme led by an external organisation, which is under procurement, with intention to go live in Spring 2023
the council has already undertaken significant work to tackle the underrepresentation of 'BME' staff within the workforce. In 2019 the co-created Fair & Inclusive Action Plan was launched to address workforce inequalities identified by an external review. Progress of this work is monitored by our Corporate Equality Delivery Group and through regular reports to the Policy & Resource Committee
in April 2021, the council appointed a HR Diversity Recruitment Consultant to support recruiting managers in addressing disproportionate outcomes for Black & Racially Minoritised applicants in the council’s recruitment process. Recruitment data reported in the annual workforce equalities reports consistently shows that 'BME' applicants are less likely to be shortlisted and hired than White British applicants. The consultant is leading a range of activities, for example, working with the Adult Education Hub to deliver insight programmes to refugee and migrant groups about working at the council
developed additional training for recruiting managers to ensure inclusive recruitment practice is used at each stage of the process: planning, shortlisting, and interviewing
the council is fully aware of its responsibility to equip all staff with the knowledge, awareness, language, and confidence needed to address racism. To make that happen we deliver mandatory fair and inclusive training for all new staff as part of their induction. There is also a wide range of online training and e-learning in relation to anti-racism. The council offers a broad programme of training that is not just limited to classroom learning. Other organisational initiatives include team book clubs and Managers Network sessions
investing in current 'BME' talent within the workforce; in 2022 the council piloted a Diverse Talent Programme to support career progression. This programme provided mentorship, shadowing opportunities, and coaching to a group of Black & Racially Minoritised staff and case studies are available to demonstrate the many success stories from the programme. The Programme is being re-run in 2023
We are aware that there is a lot of information and discussion about terminology regarding racism, anti-racism and people who experience racism, and that language is dynamic and continuously evolving. We believe its use should be nuanced and contextualised, recognising the right and agency to self-identification.
We therefore recognise it is not our place as a council to state definitive terms that must be used. However, we do need to communicate what we understand and how we are using some words in this strategy to support delivery and creation of an anti-racist council. We are committed to continuing this conversation and evolving with language and over time.
This strategy aims to use specific ethnicity descriptions and terminology to speak to specific lived experiences. Where this is not possible, the strategy will use the terms ‘Black & Racially Minoritised,’ and ‘people who experience racism.’ Where these terms are used, they will be referring to people who do not identify as White British. We use ‘Racially Minoritised’ to recognise that people are not minorities by identity, but have been minoritised by racist structures, systems, and societies.
This strategy will also use words such as Community and Diaspora when describing groups of people whose ethnicity has been mentioned. To give an example of how this will be used – people from the Black Diaspora refers to people who identify as Black though they may have differing nationalities; the Sudanese community in Brighton & Hove refers to people whose heritage lies in Sudan and are residents of the city. In this example, a person may identify as both Black and Sudanese, but will be affected by our services in different ways due to these intersecting identities. These descriptive words support us to recognise the nuances and diversity within our Black & Racially Minoritised communities in Brighton & Hove.
The council is also aware that the term ‘Global Majority’ is increasing in usage throughout the city. The term refers to people from the Black diaspora, Asian communities, people of Dual-Heritage, Indigenous communities, and those in the global South. These groups currently represent approximately 80% of the world’s population. Global majority is a collective term that shifts the conversation away from proximity to whiteness and onto the human race as a global population. We recognise the appropriateness of this terminology and are committed to direct engagement about its increased usage within the council and beyond.
We recognise that the use of ‘BAME’ (Black and Asian Minority Ethnic), ‘'BME'’, and ‘Black & Minority Ethnic’ can be particularly problematic. These terms are still used widely in local and national data, so when referring to statistical evidence to support our actions, these terms may be cited within inverted commas to recognise that they are not our preferred terms.
Terms and terminology have been identified based on dialogue at meetings of the Community Advisory Group and with Black & Racially Minoritised-led organisations in the city as well as current national narratives. We understand that umbrella terms can dilute people’s lived experiences, can be dismissive, and over-simplify complex realities. We understand people are subjected to racism for their skin tone, accent, culture, ethnicity, nationality, faith, marital status, sexuality (and more) in direct, indirect, and intersecting ways. Racism may be experienced on an interpersonal, institutional, or structural level. Specific terminology will be utilised to reflect the different communities in the city and the different ways people identify themselves.
Discussions will continue to take place throughout the lifespan of this strategy to ensure language is kept up to date. Any terminology used in this strategy will be reviewed on a regular basis and updated as necessary.
“There is no such thing as Race. None. There is just the Human Race scientifically, anthropologically” -Toni Morrison. (Toni Morrison quotes in Toni Morrison's Most Powerful Quotes On Racism).
“Race, the idea that the human species is divided into distinct groups on the basis of inherited physical and behavioural differences. Genetic studies in the late 20th century refuted the existence of biogenetically distinct races, and scholars now argue that “races” are cultural interventions reflecting specific attitudes and beliefs that were imposed on different populations in the wake of western European conquests beginning in the 15th century. - Britannica. (See Britannica’s definition of ‘Race’).
Our understanding, in line with academically and scientifically proven research, including views of community educators, activists, and members, is that ‘Race’ is a social construct that was created and has been perpetuated for centuries by actions of colonisation, the invention of eugenics, through marginalisation, and the systemic and intentional enslavement, oppression and looting of various Black, non-White, and Indigenous cultures, who are the global majority.
As the social concept of ‘Race’ persists systemically to divide and marginalise, so must our work to continuously become anti-racist, fight anti-Blackness, colourism, and other intersecting marginalising outcomes for Black and Racially Minoritised people to ensure equity, embracing of diversity and continuous inclusion by design in how we think, act and work.
This definition of racism, agreed by us, as the council with the Community Advisory Group in 2020 is:
Racism is when a person is treated worse, excluded, disadvantaged, harassed, bullied, humiliated, victimised, segregated or degraded because of their race or ethnicity.
At an organisational level, it can also be the collective failure to provide an inclusive and professional working environment to people because of their race or ethnicity*. This is sometimes described as ‘institutional racism’, based on the definition recommended by Sir William Macpherson in the 1999 Lawrence report (UK).
*NOTE: Race or ethnicity includes people’s colour, and nationality (including citizenship) ethnic or national origins.
The definition of a racist incident is "any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person."
Racism can happen anywhere, and in any context. It can be an action by an individual or a culture: ‘normal’ behaviour that underpins everyday practices. Like discrimination more broadly, racism is linked to power and is reflected in a society’s organisations and cultures. It influences people’s thinking, attitudes, prejudices, and actions. It is justified and normalised by institutions and culture. Attitudes and actions at all levels of society can be racist and decisions and policies made by individuals, organisations and institutions can be racist.
Racism can be a one-off action, random action, or subtle everyday behaviours that can add up to negatively affect a person (known as micro-aggressions and micro-incivilities). Racism can also be the deliberate or accidental outcome of an organisation’s policy or practice. It can be seen in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, and thoughtlessness. Someone may discriminate against a person or group of people without realising it or meaning to, but this is still racism. The perception of the victim or any other person is central to how a racist incident or complaint is defined regardless of the intention of the perpetrator. Intention or ignorance is not an excuse.
Based on race/ethnicity, racist behaviour in practice it can mean:
using negative language or making ‘jokes’ about people’s race/ethnicity
'colour blindness’ (ignoring race and its impacts)
assuming superiority of ‘people like me’ over ‘people like them’
stereotyping (generalising or making assumptions about all people from a specific ethnic group, culture or religion are the same)
making people into ‘other’ (perceiving them as different from what is ‘normal’)
behaviours that signal that someone doesn’t belong or isn’t welcome
directly insulting or hurting people
not addressing allegations of racism appropriately or treating complainants as ‘trouble-makers’
in a workplace: blocking progression, acting up or learning opportunities
avoiding or isolating people or not inviting them to social or networking events
Subjecting people to greater scrutiny or monitoring and changing tone of voice, style of engagement, communication, and behaviour due to perceived difference of racial, national, or ethnic heritage, accent or assumed capability based in stereotypical views of someone’s racial, national or ethnic heritage
not providing appropriate support or not responding to cultural, faith-based, or religious requirements, and being culturally insensitive
Anti-racism goes beyond thinking of racism as an issue of individual actions, and incorporates the examination of racism in systems, structures, and institutions, and includes the role of implicit biases in attitudes, behaviours, and policies (Kendi, 2019). Anti-racist thought, practice, and approaches recognise and resolve for inequity between all racial groups, recognising White racial groups are not the norm, and inequity exists between and within different racial groups in different and disproportionate ways. Solving for long-term and root-cause issues, identifying intentionally for the most excluded, marginalised, and analysing for inequitable outcomes amongst all racial groups is central to anti-racist ways of thinking, practicing, and working.
The term ‘White Privilege’ was coined by a White American man, Theodore W Allen, in the 1960s during the civil rights movement and was initially used to analyse race in the labour movement. ('Why I'm no longer talking to white people about race', Renni Eddo Lodge, page 86)
White Privilege refers to the benefit that people who present as White do not experience racism in the same way as people who present as Black & Racially Minoritised. There is a privilege in the ability to walk away from conversations about racism without being personally and negatively affected by the conversation or the subject matter. There is a privilege in not experiencing daily micro-aggressions and micro-incivilities for your appearance, accent, or having negative stereotypes applied that impact on how public services and other people view and treat you.
The privilege of being unaffected by racism and the lack of lived experience of racism and inequity, can lead to obliviousness. This lack of awareness and understanding can produce unintentional harm and systems, policies and procedures that create inequity for some over others. Being actively anti-racist as a council means identifying how White Privilege manifests in the delivery of our services and in the culture of our workplace.
We acknowledge that those who present as White may experience other forms of racism. The idea of White Privilege does not dismiss the varying impacts of racism on White communities and people. Nor does it dismiss the complex socio-economic and class-based discrimination experienced by residents of all ethnicities. Having White Privilege does not disregard or demean the discrimination or inequality that people presenting as White may experience due to their heritage, faith, culture, socio-economic circumstance. It means that their life is not made harder or as hard due to the colour of their skin.
It is important for us to recognise the impact of language in perpetuating ‘otherness’, inequity, and exclusion for those who do not belong to White UK English heritage and are audibly and visibly different, even within White-UK and White non-UK heritage communities.
The term Migratised and language of “Migratisation” was developed by Dr. Alyosxa Tudor in their article “Cross-fading of Racialisation and Migratisation: The postcolonial turn in Western European gender and migration studies”.
They “describe not only the condition of being on the move but also names and shames the border, barriers and attitudes that turn people into migrants and others”. It “considers how migrants are treated based on their existence as people on the move. It describes how some people can be assumed to be migrants, and constructed as such, without having been on the move themselves, it also highlights the conditionality of belonging of diasporic communities, especially for those who are racialised as Non-White”.
Shifting language toward “migratisation” and ‘people with lived experience of the asylum process’ is key because it specifies how migrants are treated beyond merely naming them as people on the move with some defined legal or non-legal status’.
Our work on anti-racism is closely linked with accessibility and disability-inclusion principles to ensure we understand differential access requirements and build better solutions as a council to serve all our diverse residents. Intersectionality is a concept introduced and developed by Kimberley Crenshaw. It means to recognise the complexity of the many parts and identities of each person that co-exist and impact one another, particularly when experiencing inequity and exclusion, and the more diverse lived experiences a person has.
Intersectionality must be acknowledged in all equalities work because of the regular discrimination Black & Racially Minoritised people face for their ethnicity combined with their gender, faith, disability, sexuality, accent, appearance – their physical appearance and their choice of dress. Many of our residents identify intersectionally and will be impacted in varying ways by racism due to their faith, ethnicity, nationality, and culture. This is especially true for members of our community including but not limited to:
the Jewish Community
the Traveller Community
Asylum Seekers and Refugees
We understand that a council policy may have different impacts for different people depending on the unique combination of protected characteristics. It is important therefore that as a council and a city, our anti-racism work speak to the disability, accessibility, gender and more, to include migratised communities and those who appear or present to be outsiders to the United Kingdom or are in socio-economically and other under-represented groups, making them more vulnerable to experiencing inequity and exclusion when also disabled, gender-diverse, neuro-diverse, or different in various ways.
The anti-racism Community Advisory Group (CAG) provides community accountability for the council's anti racism work. Facilitated by an external convenor with lived experience of racism, the group is made up of Black & Racially Minoritised members of the community that are stakeholders in the community and voluntary sector.
The group meets bimonthly, and council services are selected by the group to share their progress on their anti-racism work. The CAG has been influential in the development of this anti-racism strategy, and we are very grateful for their support, commitment, and resilience.
The councils co-chair for Tourism, Equality, Communities and Culture Committee and Lead member for Equality is a standing invitee. Council officers that attend include the:
Executive Director for Housing, Neighbourhoods, and Communities
Head of Communities, Equality and Third Sector Service,
Appendix 5: Council values and becoming an anti-racist organisation
Our core values connect strongly with our commitment to embed anti-racism into the way the council works and takes decisions. Our values shape the way that council staff review their own conduct and the performance of others. Each member of staff has a Performance and Development Plan which sets out their current work objectives so that they, their manager, and the organisation are clear on what they are being asked to achieve and that they have the relevant training and support not only to do this, but also to develop as people and professionals. We believe strongly in a motivated workforce that feels ownership for their individual roles and wider aims of our organisation.
Below are our core values with a description of how they connect to prioritising anti-racism in every aspect of our work as your council.
Work together and contribute to the creation of helpful and successful teams and partnerships across the council and beyond.
Our Equalities Team, Corporate Equality Delivery Group (CEDG) and Directorate Equality Delivery Groups (DEDGs) are involved in supporting council teams and services to intentionally centre anti-racism at the heart of their work.
We engage with our local Black & Racially Minoritised communities to learn from and platform diverse voices and experiences. We are equally committed to our own learning and cross council collaboration, ensuring we do not exhaust Black & Racially Minoritised communities with inefficient engagement.
Work in a way that makes the best and most sustainable use of our resources, always looking at alternative ways of getting stuff done and asking, "How can I improve that?"
Our leadership, Directorates, and the services they represent work hard to identify and implement sustainable, innovative, best-practice informed and efficient ways to solve for inequities and racist outcomes, policies, processes, and practices.
Our leadership, Directorates, and the services they represent work hard to identify and implement solutions that swiftly address racism in all its forms.
Embrace diversity with kindness and consideration and recognise the value of everyone.
We recognise the value and strength diverse people bring to how we think, work, and deliver our services and support. We recognise that our lived experiences may differ, particularly where our racial, national, ethnic heritages, faith, sexuality, and protected characteristics differ. We commit to mutually respecting, believing, and hearing different lived experiences, understanding the different impact on all people who live, work, and visit the city, particularly for Black & Racially Minoritised communities.
Share and communicate with honesty about our service and ourselves, whenever appropriate.
Our Equalities Team is committed to providing psychologically safe and inclusive spaces where we can support council teams and services to interrogate their knowledge and understanding of racism, anti-racism, and White privilege, and explore solutions to have anti-racism as a core approach in their service. This work is supported by our leadership, directorates, Corporate Equality Delivery Group (CEDG) and Directorate Equality Delivery Groups (DEDGs) including various leads undertaking specific equalities and inclusion work across every directorate across the council.
Have ideas that challenge the 'tried and tested', use evidence of what works, listen to feedback, and come up with different solutions.
We are committed to hearing and learning from creative suggestions given by our anti-racism engagement group – the Community Advisory Group. The group prioritise listening to the voices of people with lived experience of racism and hearing their ideas for change and improvement. We constructively challenge the status quo and find more effective, efficient, and innovative ways to do anti-racist learning and work within the council, for ourselves as council leadership and staff, including influencing our partners and others we work with to create positive change for Black & Racially Minoritised communities.
Adopt our customer promise ‘We will make it clear how you can contact or access our services. We will understand and get things done. We will be clear and treat you with respect.
We seek to meet these commitments in every interaction with our internal and external stakeholders, and to remove barriers to equal access, opportunity, representation, and voice for our Black & Racially Minoritised customers, residents, tenants, service users and people. We can access interpreting and translation services with ease, using these effectively to support diverse communities, and work intentionally to upskill staff on their use, improving customer service, delivery, and experience.
Appendix 6: Data insight informing the strategy development
This strategy uses national and local data to provide context to the antiracism work we are undertaking. The data is not being used to establish direct causal connections between ethnicity and outcome. It can be misleading to think of ethnicity as the main reason or explanation for any differences or disproportionality.
There will be many different intersecting factors that contribute to people who experience racism having greater or lesser access to services, resources, or information.
For example:
socio economic status
cultural or religious differences
social mobility
age
lack of efficacy
in service delivery will all contribute to any differences in the data. Furthermore, we recognise that there is vast diversity within Racially Minoritised communities. It is difficult to draw general conclusions based on ethnicity alone. This strategy will use the data in conjunction with community engagement and anti-racism best practice to complement the reasoning for our anti-racism intentions.
More than a quarter of residents, 26% are ‘BME’ (non-White UK/British from Black and Minoritised Ethnic (‘BME’) groups). Higher than seen in the South-East (21%) but similar what is found in England (27%).
Despite the overall number of residents only increasing by 1% since the last Census. The number of ‘BME’ residents has increased by over a third (35%).
7.5% of ‘BME’ residents are Black. Black residents make up 2% of all residents on the city. This is lower than the national Black population of 4.2%. The number of Black residents in Brighton & Hove has increased by 30%.
18% of ‘'BME'’ residents are Asian. Asian residents make up 1 in 20 of all residents in the city (4.8%). This is lower than the national Asian population of 9.6%. The number of Asian residents has increased by 17%.
18% of 'BME' residents are of ‘mixed ethnicity.’ Residents of ‘mixed ethnicity’ make up 1 in 20 of all residents (4.8%). The number of residents of mixed ethnicity has increased by 2,820 people (27%).
4.2% of 'BME' residents in the city are Arab. Arab residents make up 1.1% of all residents in the city. This is higher than national Arab population of 0.6% The number of Arab residents has increased by 42%.
More than a third of 'BME' residents are other White (37%). Other White residents make up nearly 1 in 10 of all residents (9.7%). The number of other White residents has increased by 37%.
20% of Brighton & Hove residents were born outside of the UK, significantly higher than the Southeast proportion of 16%.
For nearly 1 in 10 residents (24,579 people, 9.1%) English is not their preferred language. Higher than the South-East (7.2%) but similar to England (9.2%).
In more than 1 in 20 city households (7,817, 6.4%) no adult speaks English as a main or preferred language.
For a further 6,603 households (5.4%) not all adults have English as their preferred or first language.
Over a quarter of multi-person household in the city (21,775, 27%) are ‘multi-ethnic' households. This is significantly higher than seen in the South-East (16%) and England (15%).
Highest proportion of ‘multi-ethnic' households in England (upper tier local authorities), outside of London.
The percentage of 'BME' and White Other staff within the council workforce continues to increase (data as at 30 September 2022). Compared with 31 December 2021, we have seen 0.6% and 0.4% increases in their workforce profiles respectively. This means 9.2% of the workforce are from 'BME' 257 backgrounds, compared with a target of 9.1%. For White Other staff the figure is 8.4%, compared with a target of 8.8%.
'BME' populations age profile is younger than the white British population. Whilst 22% of all Brighton & Hove residents are 19 years old or under, 24% of all 'BME' residents are 19 and under, including 50% of all residents identifying as having Multiple Ethnicity or as ‘Mixed Heritage’. This is subject to new census data being released in 2023.
Only 8.1% of residents aged over 65 were from 'BME' backgrounds in the 2011 census. Of that 8.1%, 44% identified as male and 56% identified as female. There is not enough substantial qualitative data for those who identify a Trans, Non-Binary, or gender non-conforming. This is subject to new census data being released in 2023.
As of 2013 - 2014 8% of people aged 65 or over receiving Adult Social care services provided or commissioned by the council were from 'BME' communities. This is an increase on the 7% from 'BME' Communities in 2011 to 2012. (RAP-‘Referrals, Assessments & Packages of care’ Statutory return 2013 to 2014)
10% of those aged 65 or over receiving Adult Social Care for dementia on 2013/14 were from 'BME' backgrounds, an over-representation compared to the cities 'BME' population.
People from Black and Minority Ethnic groups living in the UK are more likely to be diagnosed with a mental health problem; be admitted to hospital with a mental health problem and experience a poor outcome from treatment (Fitzpatrick R, Kumar S, Nkansa-Dwamena O, Thorne L. Ethnic inequalities in mental health: promoting lasting positive change 2014. Taken from Public Health England. Mental health and wellbeing JSNA toolkit: Mental health: population factors). When looking at the health of the Gypsy, Roma, Traveller community, data shows that their health is much poorer than the general population. Life expectancy is generally 15-25 years less and infant mortality rates are 3 times higher.
National data demonstrated the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on Black & Racially Minoritised communities and local data and engagement with residents yielded feedback like that suggested by the national data. (TDC Community Voices report).
Local data suggests that there is a huge disparity in unemployment rates and economic activity amongst Black & Racially Minoritised communities in relation to White British residents. At the time of the 2011 census, Black African residents had an unemployment rate of 18.7% and Gypsy or Irish traveller communities had an unemployment rate of 15.3% - these are over twice the city average of 7.3% (*13). This is subject to new census data being released in 2023. You can find these statistics in the Black and Minority Ethnic Communities in Brighton & Hove report.
According to 2018 City Tracker (*14) data, only 48% of ‘'BME'’ residents feel safe after dark in their local area. This drops to 35% of ‘'BME'’ residents feeling very safe after dark in the city centre. (Brighton & Hove Connected commissioned Infocorp Ltd to carry out the 2018 annual CityTracker Survey of city residents. The survey covers Brighton & Hove’s adult population aged 18+. The objective of the City Tracker Survey is to find out what residents think of Brighton & Hove as a place to live. This includes tracking key performance indicator (KPI) monitoring of essential city services).
In the period 2021-22, there were 639 racist crimes and incidents in Brighton & Hove. Over this same period there were 55 religiously motivated crimes and incidents.
We are committed to proactively eradicating racism in all its forms, creating and embedding Anti-Racist policy, practices, and procedures into all council services.
We recognise the destructive impact of racism on individuals, organisations, and society.
We will work to create a culture within the council, and in the city, where Black & Racially Minoritised people who visit, live and work in our city can thrive.
This strategy provides a roadmap for us becoming an anti-racist council and delivering on actions, co-created with communities, to create lasting change in our council and city.